-аад

See also: Appendix:Variations of "aad"

Mongolian

Alternative forms
  • -гаад (-gaad) — stems ending in a long vowel or diphthong
  • -иад (-iad) — stems ending in и or ь

Etymology 1
MongolianCyrillic
᠊ᠭᠠᠳ
(-ɣad)		-аад
(-aad)

Pronunciation

Suffix

-аад • (-aad)

  1. Used to mark the perfective converb.
    Ээж босоод галын өрөөнд оров. ― Eež bosood galyn öröönd orov. ― Mother got up and walked into the kitchen.
Usage notes
  • This suffix is used to mark a verb that occurs just before a following matrix verb.
Inflection
Vowel harmonic forms of -аад 
back vowelfront vowel
unrounded-аад
-aad		-ээд
-eed
rounded-оод
-ood		-өөд
-ööd

Etymology 2
MongolianCyrillic
᠊ᠭᠠᠳ
(-ɣad)		-аад
(-aad)

Pronunciation

Suffix

-аад • (-aad)

  1. Marks the distributive form of small numerals.
    дөрвөөд ― dörvööd ― four each
  2. Marks the approximative form of larger numerals.
    арваад. ― arvaad. ― About ten.
    Монголд 1950-иад. ― Mongold 1950-iad. ― In Mongolia in the 1950s.
Inflection
Vowel harmonic forms of -аад 
back vowelfront vowel
unrounded-аад
-aad		-ээд
-eed
rounded-оод
-ood		-өөд
-ööd

Etymology 3
MongolianCyrillic
ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ
(-ögede)		-аад
(-aad)

From the development of өөд (ööd, “up”) into a suffix.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-аад • (-aad)

  1. (colloquial) Marks the directive case.
    Synonym: руу (ruu)
Usage notes
  • Generally equivalent to the English term up to.
Inflection
Vowel harmonic forms of -аад 
back vowelfront vowel
unrounded-аад
-aad		-ээд
-eed
rounded-оод
-ood		-өөд
-ööd

References
  • Kullman, Rita, & Tserenpil, D. Mongolian Grammar, →ISBN.
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