𐰭

𐰭 (ŋ)

1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /ŋ/.

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *eŋ (“superlative suffix”). Cognate with Turkish en.

𐰭 (eŋ)

1. Marks a superlative degree (-est).
   • 8th century CE, Kültegin Inscriptions, E32

     𐰭:𐰠𐰚𐰃:𐱃𐰑𐰴𐰣:𐰲𐰆𐰺𐰭:𐰉𐰆𐰔:𐱃𐰍:𐰋𐰃𐰤𐰯:𐱅𐰏𐰓𐰃

     eŋ:ilki:tadïqïn:čorïŋ:boz:atïɣ:binip:tegdi

     Very first, he mounted Tadıq Chor's gray horse and attacked.

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “aŋ”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 302-303
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *aŋ (“wild game”).

𐰭 (eŋ)

1. wild game, wild animals hunted for food
   • 9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 31

     𐰉𐰺𐰽:𐰚𐰃𐰘𐰃𐰚:𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰢𐰭𐰚𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾

     bars:kéyik:eŋke:meŋke:barmïš

     A tiger went to look for game and prey.

• Tekin, Talât (1993) “äŋ”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 54
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Ăŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -üŋ, -uŋ, -ŋ)

1. second person singular possessive suffix

   ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞 (oɣul, “child”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰆𐰍𐰞𐰭 (oɣluŋ, “your child”)

2. second person singular suffix for certain verb tenses

   ‎-𐰇𐰠 (öl-, “to die”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰭 (öltüŋ, “you died”)

• 𐰏- (-ig, -üg, -g) (Orkhon Turkic)
• 𐰍- (-ïɣ, -uɣ, -ɣ) (Orkhon Turkic)

• 𐰢 (-im, “1. first person singular possessive suffix 2. first person singular suffix for verbs”)
• 𐰢𐰔 (-imiz, “1. first person plural possessive suffix 2. first person plural suffix for verbs”)
• 𐰭𐰔 (-iŋiz, “1. second person plural possessive suffix 2. second person plural suffix for verbs”)
• 𐰾𐰃 (-si, “third person possessive suffix”)

• Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 189

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-iŋ. Cognate with Turkish -in

𐰭 (-iŋ, -ïŋ, -ŋ)

1. Suffix forming second person plural imperative

   ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠 (bil-, “to know”) + ‎𐰭 (ŋ) → ‎𐰋𐰃𐰠𐰭 (biliŋ, “you must know!”)

• 𐰘𐰤 (-eyin, “first person singular imperative suffix”)
• 𐰏𐰠 (-gil, “second person singular imperative suffix”)
• 𐰠𐰢 (-elim, “first person plural imperative suffix”)
• 𐰕𐰈𐰤 (-zün, “third person imperative suffix”)

• Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187