饑荒

Chinese

		hungry	out of practice; uncultivated
trad. (饑荒/飢荒)		饑/飢	荒
simp. (饥荒)		饥	荒

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīhuāng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄏㄨㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ fong¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ki-hng / ki-hoang

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīhuāng → jīhuang (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄏㄨㄤ → ㄐㄧ ˙ㄏㄨㄤ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jihuång
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-huang⁵
  - Yale: jī-hwang
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji.huang
  - Palladius: цзихуан (czixuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ²/

Note: Toneless - regional and only for the second definition.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹ fong¹
  - Yale: gēi fōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ fong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ fong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hng
  - Tâi-lô: ki-hng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hngf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ hŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ hŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² hŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hoang
  - Tâi-lô: ki-huang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hoafng
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ huaŋ³³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kj+j xwang

Rime
Character	饑	荒
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居依切	呼光切
Baxter	kj+j	xwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi/	/hwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi/	/hʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj/	/hwaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəi/	/xuɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ke̯i/	/xwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	huāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹	fong¹

Noun

饑荒

(literally) famine; crop failure
(figurative, colloquial) financial difficulty
(figurative, colloquial) debt

Synonyms

(famine):

災荒／灾荒 (zāihuāng)
糧荒／粮荒 (liánghuāng)
饑饉／饥馑 (jījǐn) (literary)

(debt): 債務／债务 (zhàiwù)

Derived terms

打饑荒／打饥荒
活饑荒／活饥荒
背饑荒／背饥荒 (bēi jīhuang)
鬧饑荒／闹饥荒

Related terms

飢餓／饥饿 (jī'è)

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