飲酒

Chinese
drink alcoholic drink
trad. (飲酒) 飲 酒
simp. (饮酒) 饮 酒

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 飲 酒
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 於錦切 子酉切
Baxter 'imX tsjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔˠiɪmX/ /t͡sɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔᵚimX/ /t͡siuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiemX/ /t͡siəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔjimX/ /t͡suwX/
Li
Rong		 /ʔjəmX/ /t͡siuX/
Wang
Li		 /ĭĕmX/ /t͡sĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯əmX/ /t͡si̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yǐn jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jam2 zau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 飲 酒
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yǐn jiǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔimX › ‹ tsjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*q(r)[u]mʔ/ /*tsuʔ/
English drink (v.) wine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 飲 酒
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 6625 15554
Phonetic
component		 今 酉
Rime
group		 侵 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 㱃 酒
Old
Chinese		 /*qrɯmʔ/ /*ʔsluʔ/
Notes 說文作酓欠

Verb

飲⫽酒 (verb-object)

  1. (formal or dialectal) to drink an alcoholic beverage
    未成年飲酒／未成年饮酒  ―  wèichéngnián yǐnjiǔ  ―  underage drinking

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (飲酒):
  • → Japanese: 飲酒(いんしゅ) (inshu)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
飲 酒
いん
Grade: 3		 しゅ
Grade: 3
kan’on goon
Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift from older readings onju or onshu, swapping the older goon reading of on for 飲 for the newer kan'on reading of in.

First cited to the Taiheiki from the late 1300s.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) いんしゅ [ìńshú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ĩɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

飲(いん)酒(しゅ) • (inshu) 

  1. drinking alcohol
    飲酒(いんしゅ)運転(うんてん)は犯罪(はんざい)です！
    Inshu unten wa hanzai desu!
    Drunk driving is a crime!
    (literally, “Drinking alcohol and driving is a crime!”)

Verb

飲(いん)酒(しゅ)する • (inshu suru) intransitive suru (stem 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)し (inshu shi), past 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)した (inshu shita))

  1. to drink (consume alcoholic beverages)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "飲酒する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 飲酒し いんしゅし inshu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 飲酒し いんしゅし inshu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 飲酒する いんしゅする inshu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 飲酒する いんしゅする inshu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 飲酒すれ いんしゅすれ inshu sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 飲酒せよ¹
飲酒しろ²		 いんしゅせよ¹
いんしゅしろ²		 inshu seyo¹
inshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 飲酒される いんしゅされる inshu sareru
Causative 飲酒させる
飲酒さす		 いんしゅさせる
いんしゅさす		 inshu saseru
inshu sasu
Potential 飲酒できる いんしゅできる inshu dekiru
Volitional 飲酒しよう いんしゅしよう inshu shiyō
Negative 飲酒しない いんしゅしない inshu shinai
Negative continuative 飲酒せず いんしゅせず inshu sezu
Formal 飲酒します いんしゅします inshu shimasu
Perfective 飲酒した いんしゅした inshu shita
Conjunctive 飲酒して いんしゅして inshu shite
Hypothetical conditional 飲酒すれば いんしゅすれば inshu sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
飲 酒
おん
Grade: 3		 しゅ > じゅ
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

The earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese 飲酒 (MC 'imX tsjuwX), using the older goon reading of on for 酒. The shu changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Occasionally found in older works with the unvoiced reading onshu.[1]

First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [õ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝ]

Noun

飲(おん)酒(じゅ) • (onju) 

  1. (archaic) drinking alcohol
Usage notes

The onju reading does not appear on its own in modern usage, but it does appear in certain compounds.

Derived terms
  • 飲(おん)酒(じゅ)戒(かい) (onjukai): a Buddhist admonition against the drinking of alcohol

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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