風波

See also: 风波

Chinese

	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner	wave; (Cantonese) ball
trad. (風波)	風	波
simp. (风波)	风	波
Literally: “wind and wave”.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fēngbō, fēngpō

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥㄅㄛ, ㄈㄥㄆㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ bo¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-phô / fûng-pô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hong-pho / hong-phō / hong-po

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ bo¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēngbō
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥㄅㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fongbo
  - Wade–Giles: fêng¹-po¹
  - Yale: fēng-bwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengbo
  - Palladius: фэнбо (fɛnbo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fēngpō
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥㄆㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fongpo
  - Wade–Giles: fêng¹-pʻo¹
  - Yale: fēng-pwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fengpo
  - Palladius: фэнпо (fɛnpo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung¹ bo¹
  - Yale: fūng bō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ bo¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ bo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-phô / fûng-pô
  - Hakka Romanization System: fung´ po´ / fung´ bo´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fung¹ po¹ / fung¹ bo¹
  - Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ po²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-pho
  - Tâi-lô: hong-pho
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongphoy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ pʰo³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-phō
  - Tâi-lô: hong-phō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongphoi
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-po
  - Tâi-lô: hong-po
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongpoy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² po⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang¹ bo¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang po
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ po³³/

Middle Chinese: pjuwng pa

Rime
Character	風	波
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	方戎切	博禾切
Baxter	pjuwng	pa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ/	/puɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ/	/puɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ/	/puɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ/	/pwa/
Li Rong	/piuŋ/	/puɑ/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ/	/puɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ/	/puɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēng	bō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung¹	bo¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prəm pˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*plum paːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	風	波
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fēng	bō
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwng ›	‹ pa ›
Old Chinese	/*prəm/	/*pˁaj/
English	wind (n.)	wave (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	風	波
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	2921	9719
Phonetic component	凡	皮
Rime group	侵	歌
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	風	波
Old Chinese	/*plum/	/*paːl/

Noun

風波

(figurative) disturbance; dispute; crisis

Synonyms

風暴／风暴 (fēngbào)

Derived terms

修例風波／修例风波 (Xiūlì Fēngbō)
平地起風波／平地起风波
平地風波／平地风波
杯水風波／杯水风波 (bēishuǐ-fēngbō)
風波平地／风波平地

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (風波):

→ Vietnamese: phong ba (風波)

Pronunciation 2

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-po͘

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-po͘
  - Tâi-lô: hong-poo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongpof
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ pɔ³³/

Verb

風波

(Quanzhou Hokkien) to spread false stories; to start rumors

Pronunciation 3

Eastern Min (BUC): hŭng-bŏ̤

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭng-bŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵⁵ ^(p-)mo⁵⁵/

Noun

風波

(Eastern Min) urticaria

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蕁麻疹 (“urticaria”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蕁麻疹
Mandarin	Harbin	鬼風疙瘩
	Luoyang	風圪墶
	Yinchuan	風片
	Wuhan	狗風疙瘩
	Chengdu	風丹, 風疙瘩
	Xuzhou	鬼風疙瘩, 鬼蒙疙瘩, 滾皮疙瘩
	Yangzhou	風疹子
	Nanjing	風疹塊, 風疹
Cantonese	Guangzhou	風赧
	Hong Kong	風赧
	Dongguan	風赧
Hakka	Meixian	冷目
Jin	Taiyuan	風疙瘩
Northern Min	Jian'ou	風瘼
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	風波
Southern Min	Xiamen	風膜, 凊膜凹, 風瘤
	Quanzhou	風膜, 風巴佬, 凊膜
	Zhangzhou	凊凹
	Singapore (Hokkien)	風膜, 凊膜凹, 風瘤
	Leizhou	風瘤
	Haikou	風瘤
Wu	Shanghai	風疹塊, 風痧
	Suzhou	風疹塊
	Danyang	風疹塊, 風疹餅
	Hangzhou	風疹塊
	Ningbo	風疹塊
	Wenzhou	風疸
Xiang	Changsha	風它

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