風気

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
風 気
かぜ
Grade: 2		 け
Grade: 1
kun’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)
Kanji in this term
風 気
かざ
Grade: 2		 け
Grade: 1
kun’yomi goon
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 風 (kaza, “wind; a cold”, ancient compounding form of modern kaze) +‎ 気 (ke, “feeling”).[1][2]

The kazake reading is first cited to 1152.[1]

The kazeke reading is first cited to the early 1200s.[1]

In modern usage, kazake and kazeke are found in free variation. Some Japanese resources list the relatively older kazake reading as the primary,[1][2] some list the kazeke reading as the primary,[3][4] and some list both without apparent prioritization.[5]

Pronunciation

Adjective

風(かざ)気(け) or 風(かぜ)気(け) • (kazake or kazeke) -na (adnominal 風(かざ)気(け)な (kazake na), adverbial 風(かざ)気(け)に (kazake ni))

  1. poorly, sickly, on the verge of catching a cold
  2. soon to be windy, seeming as if the wind is about to blow
Inflection
Inflection of 風気
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 風気だろ かざけだろ kazake daro
Continuative (連用形) 風気で かざけで kazake de
Terminal (終止形) 風気だ かざけだ kazake da
Attributive (連体形) 風気な かざけな kazake na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 風気なら かざけなら kazake nara
Imperative (命令形) 風気であれ かざけであれ kazake de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 風気ではない
風気じゃない		 かざけではない
かざけじゃない		 kazake de wa nai
kazake ja nai
Informal past 風気だった かざけだった kazake datta
Informal negative past 風気ではなかった
風気じゃなかった		 かざけではなかった
かざけじゃなかった		 kazake de wa nakatta
kazake ja nakatta
Formal 風気です かざけです kazake desu
Formal negative 風気ではありません
風気じゃありません		 かざけではありません
かざけじゃありません		 kazake de wa arimasen
kazake ja arimasen
Formal past 風気でした かざけでした kazake deshita
Formal negative past 風気ではありませんでした
風気じゃありませんでした		 かざけではありませんでした
かざけじゃありませんでした		 kazake de wa arimasen deshita
kazake ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 風気で かざけで kazake de
Conditional 風気なら（ば） かざけなら（ば） kazake nara (ba)
Provisional 風気だったら かざけだったら kazake dattara
Volitional 風気だろう かざけだろう kazake darō
Adverbial 風気に かざけに kazake ni
Degree 風気さ かざけさ kazakesa

Noun

風(かざ)気(け) or 風(かぜ)気(け) • (kazake or kazeke) 

  1. a feeling like one is sick or about to catch cold
  2. the appearance or sense that the wind is just about to blow, a feeling of impending windiness

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
風 気
ふう
Grade: 2		 き
Grade: 1
goon kan’on
Alternative spelling
風氣 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 風氣 (MC pjuwng khj+jH).

Pronunciation

Noun

風(ふう)気(き) • (fūki) 

  1. the wind, air currents
    Synonym: (wind) 風 (kaze)
  2. the climate or weather of an area
    Synonyms: (weather) 天気 (tenki), (climate) 気候 (kikō)
  3. common manners and customs
    Synonym: 風俗 (fūzoku)
  4. a cold, an illness
    Synonym: 風邪 (kaze)
  5. an easygoing or even-tempered disposition
  6. flatus, gas; gaseous bloating

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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