面臨

See also: 面临

Chinese

		face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top	to face; to overlook; to arrive to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before
trad. (面臨)		面	臨
simp. (面临)		面	临

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miànlín

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁶ lam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mien-lìm
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): biān-lîm / bīn-lîm

(Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁷ lim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miànlín
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miànlín
  - Wade–Giles: mien⁴-lin²
  - Yale: myàn-lín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miannlin
  - Palladius: мяньлинь (mjanʹlinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: min⁶ lam⁴
  - Yale: mihn làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁶ lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁶ lem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn²² lɐm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien-lìm
  - Hakka Romanization System: mien limˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mian⁴ lim²
  - Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biān-lîm
  - Tâi-lô: biān-lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biexnliim
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-lîm
  - Tâi-lô: bīn-lîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixnliim
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ming⁷ lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mīng lîm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/

Verb

面臨

to face; to be faced with; to be confronted with
面臨失業／面临失业 ― miànlín shīyè ― to face unemployment

面臨處罰／面临处罚 ― miànlín chǔfá ― to face penalties

水土流失是這個地區農業生產面臨的一個主要問題。 [MSC, trad.]
水土流失是这个地区农业生产面临的一个主要问题。 [MSC, simp.]
Shuǐtǔ liúshī shì zhège dìqū nóngyè shēngchǎn miànlín de yī gè zhǔyào wèntí. [Pinyin]
Erosion is a major issue faced by agricultural production in this region.

Synonyms

朝向 (cháoxiàng)
正視／正视 (zhèngshì)
瀕臨／濒临 (bīnlín)
直視／直视 (zhíshì)
直面 (zhímiàn)
迎
面向 (miànxiàng)
面對／面对 (miànduì)

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