關關

See also: 关关

Chinese

		to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass	to close; to shut; to turn off to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass
trad. (關關)		關	關
simp. (关关)		关	关

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guānguān

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹ gwaan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guānguān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢㄍㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guanguan
  - Wade–Giles: kuan¹-kuan¹
  - Yale: gwān-gwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanguan
  - Palladius: гуаньгуань (guanʹguanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaan¹ gwaan¹
  - Yale: gwāan gwāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹ gwaan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan¹ guan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kwaen kwaen

Rime
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古還切
Baxter	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/kuan/
Wang Li	/kwan/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤro[n] [k]ˤro[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːn kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/
English	關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry]
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
No.	8640
Phonetic component	卵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	關
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/

Adverb

關關

(archaic, onomatopoeia) the sound of birds chirping
- 關關雎鳩，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Guānguān jūjiū, zài hé zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]
  Guan-guan go the ospreys, On the islet in the river.

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