閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫
閻 U+95BB, 閻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB
← 閺
[U+95BA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閼 →
[U+95BC]

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 77777, composition ⿵門臽)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+95BB

Chinese
trad. 閻
simp. 阎
2nd round simp. 闫
alternative forms 閆／闫
𨳔

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 閻
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
萏 *l'oːmʔ
窞 *l'oːmʔ
惂 *kʰloːmʔ
輡 *kʰloːmʔ
錎 *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳 *kʰloːmʔ
臽 *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊 *ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿 *ɡloːmʔ
蜭 *ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗 *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮 *ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡 *ɡroːms
陷 *ɡroːms
爓 *ljom, *loms
諂 *l̥ʰomʔ
讇 *l̥ʰomʔ
閻 *lom
焰 *loms
壛 *lom
櫩 *lom
燄 *lomʔ
掐 *kʰroːb

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Appears to be conflated with 嚴 in many lects.”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • giâm - vernacular (including surname);
  • iâm - literary.
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 6gni; 6yi
        • MiniDict: nyi去; yi去
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nyi; 3hhi
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ɦi²³/
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: nyienn2
        • Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/
Rime
Character 閻
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余廉切
Baxter yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiam/
Li
Rong		 /iɛm/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jim4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yem ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ][a]m/
English gate over street or lane

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閻
Reading # 1/1
No. 13564
Phonetic
component		 臽
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 鹽
Old
Chinese		 /*lom/

Definitions

閻

  1. village gate
  2. a surname
    閻錫山／阎锡山  ―  Yán Xīshān  ―  Yan Xishan

Usage notes

See 闫.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
閻

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. village gate
  2. good-looking
  3. used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)
  • 閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
  • 閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
  • 閻魔(えんま) (enma)
  • 閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)
  • 閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
  • 閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
  • 閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
  • 閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
  • 閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)
  • 閻羅(えんら) (enra)
  • 済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
  • 南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

References
  • 広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
  • 漢字源 (Kanjigen)
  • 学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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