鍛鍊

Chinese

		forge; wrought; to discipline	refine
trad. (鍛鍊/鍛煉)		鍛	鍊/煉
simp. (锻炼)		锻	炼

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): duànliàn

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дуанлян (duanli͡an, III-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun³ lin⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thon-lien
Eastern Min (BUC): duáng-liêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): toàn-liān / thoàn-liān

(Teochew, Peng'im): duêng³ liêng⁷ / duang³ liang⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵toe-li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duànliàn → duànlian (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ → ㄉㄨㄢˋ ˙ㄌㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duànliån
  - Wade–Giles: tuan⁴-lien⁵
  - Yale: dwàn-lyan
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duann.liann
  - Palladius: дуаньлянь (duanʹljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/ → /tu̯än⁵¹ li̯ɛn¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дуанлян (duanli͡an, III-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuæ̃⁴⁴ liæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dyun³ lin⁶
  - Yale: dyun lihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dyn³ lin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dün³ lin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn³³ liːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thon-lien
  - Hakka Romanization System: ton lien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ton⁴ lian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰon⁵⁵ li̯en⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: duáng-liêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuaŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(l-)nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toàn-liān
  - Tâi-lô: tuàn-liān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doarnlien
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuan²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛn³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tuan¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tuan²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoàn-liān
  - Tâi-lô: thuàn-liān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: toarnlien
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuan²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛn³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰuan¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: duêng³ liêng⁷ / duang³ liang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuèng liēng / tuàng liāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tueŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lieŋ¹¹/, /tuaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ liaŋ¹¹/

Note:

duêng3 liêng7 - Chaozhou;
duang3 liang7 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵toe-li
  - MiniDict: toe^去 li
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²toe-li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tø³³ li⁴⁴/

Verb

鍛鍊

to do physical exercise; to work out
鍛鍊身體／锻炼身体 ― duànliàn shēntǐ ― to exercise
to temper; to steel; to forge
to toughen

Synonyms

(to exercise): 活動／活动 (huódòng), 健身 (jiànshēn), 運動／运动 (yùndòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鍛鍊):

→ Japanese: 鍛錬(たんれん) (tanren)
→ Korean: 단련(鍛鍊) (dallyeon)

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