金陵

Chinese

		metal; gold; money	mound; tomb; hill mound; tomb; hill; mountain
trad. (金陵)		金	陵
simp. ^#(金陵)		金	陵

Etymology

The etymology has been debated. Several sources, such as《建康實錄》(The Jiankang Annals, c. middle 8th century), mentioned a historical 邑 (yì, “fortified town”) with the name created after King Wei of Chu's conquest of the Yue (c. 334–306 BCE). However, actual attestations in pre-Qin or Han literature were missing. The name saw attestation in well-established corpus starting from the Nanbeichao era, especially in the literature during and after the 齊 and 梁 periods (early and middle 6th century). For example, in the《顏氏家訓》:

搉而量之，獨金陵與洛下耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

搉而量之，独金陵与洛下耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Yan Zhitui, late 6th century, Family Instructions of Master Yan (《顏氏家訓》)

Què ér liáng zhī, dú Jīnlíng yǔ Luòxià ěr. [Pinyin]

After careful discussion and study, we can conclude that the various dialects can be classified into the two major language divisions of Jinling and Luoxia.

The designation 金陵 (Jīnlíng, literally “precious hills”) was frequently used in poetic works of the era, for example:

憶上國之綺樹，想金陵之蕙枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

忆上国之绮树，想金陵之蕙枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Jiang Yan, c. late 5th century, Four Seasons (《四時賦》)

Yì shàngguó zhī qǐshù, xiǎng Jīnlíng zhī huìzhī. [Pinyin]

He shall remember
the enchanted trees of the Royal Realm
and delicate, fragrant herbs of Jinling.

粵以戊辰之年，建亥之月，大盜移國，金陵瓦解。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

粤以戊辰之年，建亥之月，大盗移国，金陵瓦解。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Yu Xin, c. 578, The Lament for the South (《哀江南賦》)

Yuèyǐ Wù Chén zhīnián, jiàn Hài zhīyuè, dàdào yíguó, jīnlíng wǎjiě. [Pinyin]

That fateful tenth month, the year of Wu-Chen,
a Great Thief stole my country, and
Jinling crumbled like broken clay.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jīnlíng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣㄌㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam¹ ling⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Kim-lêng
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cin-lin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jīnlíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jinlíng
  - Wade–Giles: Chin¹-ling²
  - Yale: Jīn-líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jinling
  - Palladius: Цзиньлин (Czinʹlin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gam¹ ling⁴
  - Yale: gām lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam¹ ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem¹ ling⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-lêng
  - Tâi-lô: Kim-lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kimleeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kim³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹cin-lin
  - MiniDict: cin^平 lin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jin-lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ lin²¹/

Middle Chinese: kim ling

Rime
Character	金	陵
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居吟切	力膺切
Baxter	kim	ling
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam¹	ling⁴

Proper noun

金陵

(chiefly literary or poetic) Synonym of 南京 (Nánjīng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
金	陵
きん Grade: 1	りょう Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲĩnɾʲo̞ː]

Proper noun

金(きん)陵(りょう) • (Kinryō)

(archaic) Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)

Synonyms

(Nanjing): 南京(なんきん) (Nankin)

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