違憲

Chinese

		to disobey; to violate; to separate to disobey; to violate; to separate; to go against	statute; constitution
trad. (違憲)		違	憲
simp. (违宪)		违	宪

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wéixiàn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴ hin³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-hiàn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéixiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéisiàn
  - Wade–Giles: wei²-hsien⁴
  - Yale: wéi-syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weishiann
  - Palladius: вэйсянь (vɛjsjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    為限／为限
    違憲／违宪
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai⁴ hin³
  - Yale: wàih hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴ hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴ hin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹ hiːn³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: uî-hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ui'hiexn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɛn¹¹/

Middle Chinese: hjw+j xjonH

Rime
Character	違	憲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	雨非切	許建切
Baxter	hjw+j	xjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉi/	/hɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨi/	/hiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuəi/	/xiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuj/	/hɨan^H/
Li Rong	/ɣiuəi/	/xiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwəi/	/xĭɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/we̯i/	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai⁴	hin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[j] qʰar/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯl hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	違	憲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwɨj ›	‹ xjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/	/qʰar/ (~ qʰar-s)
English	go against	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	違	憲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12815	4849
Phonetic component	韋	害
Rime group	微	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	幃	獻
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯl/	/*hŋans/

Verb

違憲

(literary) to violate the law
to violate the constitution; to be unconstitutional

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to violate the constitution”): 合憲／合宪 (héxiàn)

Derived terms

違憲性／违宪性 (wéixiànxìng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
違	憲
い Grade: S	けん Grade: 6
on’yomi	kan’on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いけん [ìkéń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ikẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

違(い)憲(けん) • (iken) ^{←ゐけん (wiken)^?}

unconstitutionality
婚(こん)外(がい)子(し)の相(そう)続(ぞく)差(さ)別(べつ)は違(い)憲(けん)である。
Kongaishi no sōzoku sabetsu wa iken de aru.
Discrimination against illegitimate heirs is unconstitutional.

Antonyms

合(ごう)憲(けん) (gōken)

Derived terms

憲(い)法(けん)違(はん)反(けつ) (iken hanketsu)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
違	憲

Noun

違憲 • (wiheon) (hangeul 위헌)

Hanja form^? of 위헌.

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