to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture |
number of times; order; sequence number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (造次) | 造 | 次 | |
| simp. #(造次) | 造 | 次 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 次 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 昨早切 | 七四切 |
| Baxter | dzawX | tshijH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiɪH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰjɪH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zawX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zào | cì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zou6 | ci3 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 次 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zào | cì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzawX › | ‹ tshijH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[dzˁ]uʔ/ | /*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/ |
| English | make | lodge (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 造 | 次 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3803 | 1794 |
| Phonetic component |
告 | 次 |
| Rime group |
幽 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
皁 | 次 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sɡuːʔ/ | /*sn̥ʰis/ |
| Notes | 說文二聲，甲金文二或三劃， 似人嘆氣諮嗟 | |