退く
Japanese
Conjugation
Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | ひか | hika |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | ひき | hiki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | ひく | hiku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | ひく | hiku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | ひけ | hike |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | ひけ | hike |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 退かれる | ひかれる | hikareru |
| Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
ひかせる ひかす |
hikaseru hikasu |
| Potential | 退ける | ひける | hikeru |
| Volitional | 退こう | ひこう | hikō |
| Negative | 退かない | ひかない | hikanai |
| Negative continuative | 退かず | ひかず | hikazu |
| Formal | 退きます | ひきます | hikimasu |
| Perfective | 退いた | ひいた | hiita |
| Conjunctive | 退いて | ひいて | hiite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | ひけば | hikeba |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 退 |
| ど Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "退く"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
退く | どく | [dòkú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 退け | どけ | [dòké] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 退かれる | どかれる | [dòkárérú] |
| Causative | 退かせる | どかせる | [dòkásérú] |
| Potential | 退ける | どける | [dòkérú] |
| Volitional | 退こう | どこー | [dòkóꜜò] |
| Negative | 退かない | どかない | [dòkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 退かなかった | どかなかった | [dòkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 退きます | どきます | [dòkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 退いた | どいた | [dòítá] |
| Conjunctive | 退いて | どいて | [dòíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | どけば | [dòkéꜜbà] |
- Homophone: 毒
Conjugation
Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | どか | doka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | どき | doki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | どく | doku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | どく | doku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | どけ | doke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | どけ | doke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 退かれる | どかれる | dokareru |
| Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
どかせる どかす |
dokaseru dokasu |
| Potential | 退ける | どける | dokeru |
| Volitional | 退こう | どこう | dokō |
| Negative | 退かない | どかない | dokanai |
| Negative continuative | 退かず | どかず | dokazu |
| Formal | 退きます | どきます | dokimasu |
| Perfective | 退いた | どいた | doita |
| Conjunctive | 退いて | どいて | doite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | どけば | dokeba |
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 退 |
| の Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | のか | noka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | のき | noki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | のく | noku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | のく | noku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | のけ | noke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | のけ | noke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 退かれる | のかれる | nokareru |
| Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
のかせる のかす |
nokaseru nokasu |
| Potential | 退ける | のける | nokeru |
| Volitional | 退こう | のこう | nokō |
| Negative | 退かない | のかない | nokanai |
| Negative continuative | 退かず | のかず | nokazu |
| Formal | 退きます | のきます | nokimasu |
| Perfective | 退いた | のいた | noita |
| Conjunctive | 退いて | のいて | noite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | のけば | nokeba |
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 退 |
| しりぞ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 斥く |
Compound of 後 (shiri, “back”) + 退く (soku, “be pushed away, be made distant”, see below). The soku changes to zoku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Verb
退く • (shirizoku) intransitive godan (stem 退き (shirizoki), past 退いた (shirizoita))
- step aside
- withdraw when with a superior
Conjugation
Conjugation of "退く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 退か | しりぞか | shirizoka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 退き | しりぞき | shirizoki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 退く | しりぞく | shirizoku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 退く | しりぞく | shirizoku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 退け | しりぞけ | shirizoke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 退け | しりぞけ | shirizoke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 退かれる | しりぞかれる | shirizokareru |
| Causative | 退かせる 退かす |
しりぞかせる しりぞかす |
shirizokaseru shirizokasu |
| Potential | 退ける | しりぞける | shirizokeru |
| Volitional | 退こう | しりぞこう | shirizokō |
| Negative | 退かない | しりぞかない | shirizokanai |
| Negative continuative | 退かず | しりぞかず | shirizokazu |
| Formal | 退きます | しりぞきます | shirizokimasu |
| Perfective | 退いた | しりぞいた | shirizoita |
| Conjunctive | 退いて | しりぞいて | shirizoite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 退けば | しりぞけば | shirizokeba |
Classical conjugation of "退く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 退か | しりぞか | sirizoka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 退き | しりぞき | sirizoki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 退く | しりぞく | sirizoku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 退く | しりぞく | sirizoku |
| Realis (已然形) | 退け | しりぞけ | sirizoke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 退け | しりぞけ | sirizoke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 退かず | しりぞかず | sirizokazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 退けど | しりぞけど | sirizokedo |
| Causal conjunction | 退けば | しりぞけば | sirizokeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 退かば | しりぞかば | sirizokaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退きき | しりぞきき | sirizokiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退きけり | しりぞきけり | sirizokikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退きつ | しりぞきつ | sirizokitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 退きぬ | しりぞきぬ | sirizokinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 退けり 退きたり | しりぞけり しりぞきたり | sirizokeri sirizokitari |
| Volitional | 退かむ | しりぞかむ | sirizokamu |
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 退 |
| そ Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [so̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "退く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 退か | そか | soka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 退き | そき | soki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 退く | そく | soku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 退く | そく | soku |
| Realis (已然形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 退かず | そかず | sokazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 退けど | そけど | sokedo |
| Causal conjunction | 退けば | そけば | sokeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 退かば | そかば | sokaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退きき | そきき | sokiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退きけり | そきけり | sokikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退きつ | そきつ | sokitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 退きぬ | そきぬ | sokinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 退けり 退きたり | そけり そきたり | sokeri sokitari |
| Volitional | 退かむ | そかむ | sokamu |
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "退く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
| Continuative (連用形) | 退け | そけ | soke |
| Terminal (終止形) | 退く | そく | soku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 退くる | そくる | sokuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 退くれ | そくれ | sokure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 退けよ | そけよ | sokeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 退けず | そけず | sokezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 退くれど | そくれど | sokuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 退くれば | そくれば | sokureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 退けば | そけば | sokeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 退けき | そけき | sokeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 退けけり | そけけり | sokekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 退けつ | そけつ | soketu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 退けぬ | そけぬ | sokenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 退けたり | そけたり | soketari |
| Volitional | 退けむ | そけむ | sokemu |
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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