迫る

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
迫
せま
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
逼る

Cognate with 攻(せ)める (semeru), 責(せ)める (semeru), 狭(せば)める (sebameru), 狭(せば)まる (sebamaru), and 狭(せま)い (semai).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "迫る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
迫る せま​る [sèmáꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 迫れ せま​れ [sèmáꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 迫られる せまられ​る [sèmáráréꜜrù]
Causative 迫らせる せまらせ​る [sèmáráséꜜrù]
Potential 迫れる せまれ​る [sèmáréꜜrù]
Volitional 迫ろう せまろ​ー [sèmáróꜜò]
Negative 迫らない せまら​ない [sèmáráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 迫らなかった せまら​なかった [sèmáráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 迫ります せまりま​す [sèmárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 迫った せま​った [sèmáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 迫って せま​って [sèmáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 迫れば せま​れば [sèmáꜜrèbà]

Verb

迫(せま)る • (semaru) intransitive godan (stem 迫(せま)り (semari), past 迫(せま)った (sematta))

  1. to approach, reduce spatial or temporal distance
    迫(せま)る締切(しめきり)
    semaru shimekiri
    impending deadline
  2. to press, compel, urge
Conjugation

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
迫
せ
Grade: S

Extended from the “approach” sense of 迫(せま)る (semaru).[3]

Pronunciation

Verb

迫(せ)る • (seru) transitive godan (stem 迫(せ)り (seri), past 迫(せ)った (setta))

  1. to urge, compel; to hurry (someone) along
Conjugation

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. “迫る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
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