轟く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
轟
とどろ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Etymology

First attested in a piece of 催馬楽 (saibara, “court music”), dated around the 7th century to the 8th century, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 止々呂介 (to2to2ro2ke2).[1]

Might ultimately derive from a mimetic word; compare とどろ (todoro, “rumble”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) とどろ​く [tòdóróꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3]
  • IPA(key): [to̞do̞ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

轟(とどろ)く • (todoroku) intransitive godan (stem 轟(とどろ)き (todoroki), past 轟(とどろ)いた (todoroita))

  1. to resound, to reverberate
  2. to be agitated
  3. to be famous or well-known
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      彼(かれ)の名声(めいせい)は天下(てんか)に轟(とどろ)いている
      kare no meisei wa tenka ni todoroite iru
      His fame reaches across all of the world.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "轟く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 轟か とどろか todoroka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 轟き とどろき todoroki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 轟く とどろく todoroku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 轟く とどろく todoroku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 轟け とどろけ todoroke
Meireikei ("imperative") 轟け とどろけ todoroke
Key constructions
Passive 轟かれる とどろかれる todorokareru
Causative 轟かせる
轟かす		 とどろかせる
とどろかす		 todorokaseru
todorokasu
Potential 轟ける とどろける todorokeru
Volitional 轟こう とどろこう todorokō
Negative 轟かない とどろかない todorokanai
Negative continuative 轟かず とどろかず todorokazu
Formal 轟きます とどろきます todorokimasu
Perfective 轟いた とどろいた todoroita
Conjunctive 轟いて とどろいて todoroite
Hypothetical conditional 轟けば とどろけば todorokeba

References
  1. “轟”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. 轟く／とどろく - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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