輝く

Japanese

Etymology
Kanji in this term
輝
かがや
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
耀く
赫く

Originally kakayaku.[1][2][3] Samuel Martin suggests the initial kaka- element is a mimetic word.[3] The -yaku element may be the verb-forming suffix やく (-yaku). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かがや​く [kàgáyáꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[4]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɡa̠ja̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "輝く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 輝く かがや​く [kàgáyáꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 輝け かがや​け [kàgáyáꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 輝かれる かがやかれ​る [kàgáyákáréꜜrù]
Causative 輝かせる かがやかせ​る [kàgáyákáséꜜrù]
Potential 輝ける かがやけ​る [kàgáyákéꜜrù]
Volitional 輝こう かがやこ​ー [kàgáyákóꜜò]
Negative 輝かない かがやか​ない [kàgáyákáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 輝かなかった かがやか​なかった [kàgáyákáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 輝きます かがやきま​す [kàgáyákímáꜜsù]
Perfective 輝いた かがや​いた [kàgáyáꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 輝いて かがや​いて [kàgáyáꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 輝けば かがや​けば [kàgáyáꜜkèbà]

Verb

輝(かがや)く • (kagayaku) intransitive godan (stem 輝(かがや)き (kagayaki), past 輝(かがや)いた (kagayaita))

  1. to shine dazzlingly
  2. to be crowned with glory, to sparkle

Conjugation
Conjugation of "輝く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 輝か かがやか kagayaka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 輝き かがやき kagayaki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 輝く かがやく kagayaku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 輝く かがやく kagayaku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 輝け かがやけ kagayake
Meireikei ("imperative") 輝け かがやけ kagayake
Key constructions
Passive 輝かれる かがやかれる kagayakareru
Causative 輝かせる
輝かす		 かがやかせる
かがやかす		 kagayakaseru
kagayakasu
Potential 輝ける かがやける kagayakeru
Volitional 輝こう かがやこう kagayakō
Negative 輝かない かがやかない kagayakanai
Negative continuative 輝かず かがやかず kagayakazu
Formal 輝きます かがやきます kagayakimasu
Perfective 輝いた かがやいた kagayaita
Conjunctive 輝いて かがやいて kagayaite
Hypothetical conditional 輝けば かがやけば kagayakeba

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. “輝・耀”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “輝く”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 701
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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