躬自

Chinese

		body; oneself; personally body; oneself; personally; to bow	from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since
trad. (躬自)		躬	自
simp. ^#(躬自)		躬	自

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gōngzì

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥㄗˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gōngzì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥㄗˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gongzìh
  - Wade–Giles: kung¹-tzŭ⁴
  - Yale: gūng-dz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzyh
  - Palladius: гунцзы (gunczy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: kjuwng dzijH

Rime
Character	躬	自
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居戎切	疾二切
Baxter	kjuwng	dzijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuŋ/	/d͡ziɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuŋ/	/d͡zi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuŋ/	/d͡zjɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwŋ/	/d͡zi^H/
Li Rong	/kiuŋ/	/d͡zi^H/
Wang Li	/kĭuŋ/	/d͡zi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uŋ/	/d͡zʱi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng	zì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung¹	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)uŋ s.[b]i[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuŋ ɦljids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	躬	自	自
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng	zì	zì
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwng ›	‹ dzij^H ›	‹ dzij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)uŋ/	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/	/*s.[b]i[t]-s/
English	body, person	self (adv.)	to follow; from
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	躬	自
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4141	17879
Phonetic component	躬	自
Rime group	終	至
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	弓	自
Old Chinese	/*kuŋ/	/*ɦljids/
Notes	同躳

Adverb

躬自

(literary) personally; in person; oneself
- 子曰：「躬自厚而薄責於人，則遠怨矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：「躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Gōngzì hòu ér bózé yú rén, zé yuǎn yuàn yǐ.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others, will keep himself from being the object of resentment."
- 靜言思之、躬自悼矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  静言思之、躬自悼矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jìngyán sī zhī, gōngzì dào yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Silently I think of it,
  And bemoan myself.

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