red; scarlet; bare red; scarlet; bare; naked |
a crow; black; not a crow; black; not; empty; void | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (赤烏) | 赤 | 烏 | |
| simp. (赤乌) | 赤 | 乌 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 赤 | 烏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 昌 (24) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 清 (123) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 昌石切 | 哀都切 |
| Baxter | tsyhek | 'u |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/ | /ʔuo/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ | /ʔuo/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ɕʰiæk̚/ | /ʔo/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/cʰiajk̚/ | /ʔɔ/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/ | /ʔo/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/ | /u/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/ | /ʔuo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chi | wū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
cik1 | wu1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 赤 | 烏 | 烏 | 烏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chì | wū | wū | wū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tsyhek › | ‹ ʔu › | ‹ ʔu › | ‹ ʔu › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[t-qʰ](r)Ak/ | /*[ʔ]ˁa/ | /*qˁa/ | /*ʔˁa/ |
| English | red | oh! | crow, raven; black | 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 赤 | 烏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1477 | 13077 |
| Phonetic component |
赤 | 烏 |
| Rime group |
鐸 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
尺 | 烏 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰljaɡ/ | /*qaː/ |