赤字

Chinese
 
red; scarlet; bare
red; scarlet; bare; naked
 
letter; symbol; character
letter; symbol; character; word
simp. and trad.
(赤字)		 赤 字
Literally: “red character”.

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤字(あかじ) (akaji).

Pronunciation

Noun

赤字

  1. (economics, government) deficit

Derived terms

See also
  • 黑字 (hēizì, “surplus”)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
赤 字
あか
Grade: 1		 じ
Grade: 1
yutōyomi

Etymology

From 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 字(じ) (ji, “characters”). The “deficit” sense, attested since the Taishō period, relates to the tradition of indicating negative sums in a ledger with red ink.[1] Compare English in the red.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) あかじ [àkájí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ka̠ʑi]

Noun

赤(あか)字(じ) • (akaji) 

  1. (literal) characters written in red
    • 1892, “Erizabesu jidai bungaku ryūsei no gen'in [Causes of the rise of literature in the Elizabethan era]”, in Girishia Roma bungakushi, page 44:
      此(これ)聖(せい)書(しょ)赤(あか)字(じ)ヲ似(に)テ印(いん)行(こう)セリ故(ゆえ)ニ斯(し)ク言(い)フナリ
      Kore Seisho akaji o nite inkō seri yueni shiku ifunari
      In the Bible this print in red letters shows what He said
  2. (business) red ink, deficit, in the red
  3. corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red

Antonyms

Derived terms
  • 赤(あか)字(じ)国(こく)債(さい) (akaji kokusai, “deficit-covering (government) bond​”)
  • 赤(あか)字(じ)財(ざい)政(せい) (akaji zaisei, “deficit financing​”)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
赤字

Noun

赤字 • (jeokja) (hangeul 적자)

  1. Hanja form? of 적자 (“deficit”).
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