負う

Japanese

Kanji in this term
負
お
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "負う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
負う おう [òú]
Imperative (命令形) 負え おえ [òé]
Key constructions
Passive 負われる おわれる [òwárérú]
Causative 負わせる おわせる [òwásérú]
Potential 負える おえる [òérú]
Volitional 負おう おお​ー [òóꜜò]
Negative 負わない おわない [òwánáí]
Negative perfective 負わなかった おわな​かった [òwánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 負います おいま​す [òímáꜜsù]
Perfective 負った おった [òttá]
Conjunctive 負って おって [òtté]
Hypothetical conditional 負えば おえ​ば [òéꜜbà]

Verb

負(お)う • (ou) ←おふ (ofu)?transitive godan (stem 負(お)い (oi), past 負(お)った (otta))

  1. to bear, to carry on one's back
  2. to assume or take a responsibility
    • 1917, 豊島与志雄, 田原氏の犯罪:
      然(しか)し君(きみ)も主任店員(しゅにんてんいん)として一半(いっぱん)の責(せき)は負(お)わなければならない。
      Shikashi kimi mo shunin ten'in toshite ippan no seki wa owanakereba naranai.
      Still, you must accept part of the responsibility as the managing shop assistant.
  3. to be in a debt of gratitude
  4. to suffer an injury
    • 1924, 岡本綺堂, 青蛙堂鬼談:
      妹(いもうと)は全身(ぜんしん)に大火傷(おおやけど)を負(お)って虫(むし)の息(いき)であった。
      Imōto wa zenshin ni ōyakedo o otte mushi no iki de atta.
      My younger sister was at death's door after suffering terrible burns on her entire body.

Conjugation

Idioms

  • 手(て)に負(お)えない (te ni oenai)

See also

  • (archaic) 負(お)ぶる (oburu): to carry on one’s back, to bear

References

  1. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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