許諾

See also: 许诺

Chinese
 
to allow; to permit; to praise
to allow; to permit; to praise; surname
 to promise; to yes
trad. (許諾) 許 諾
simp. (许诺) 许 诺

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 許 諾
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 虚吕切 奴各切
Baxter xjoX nak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨʌX/ /nɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hiɔX/ /nɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiɔX/ /nɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨə̆X/ /nak̚/
Li
Rong		 /xiɔX/ /nɑk̚/
Wang
Li		 /xĭoX/ /nɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯woX/ /nɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xǔ nuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 heoi2 nok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 許 諾
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xǔ nuò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjoX › ‹ nak ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰ(r)aʔ/ /*nˁak/
English place (n.); allow agree, say yes

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 許 諾
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13180 10934
Phonetic
component		 午 若
Rime
group		 魚 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 諾
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋaʔ/ /*naːɡ/

Verb

許諾

  1. to promise; to make a promise

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (許諾):
  • → Japanese: 許諾(きょだく) (kyodaku)
  • → Korean: 허락(許諾) (heorak)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
許 諾
きょ
Grade: 5		 だく
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きょだく [kyòdákú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kʲo̞da̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

許(きょ)諾(だく) • (kyodaku) 

  1. consent; permission
    許(きょ)諾(だく)を求(もと)める、許(きょ)諾(だく)を得(え)る
    kyodaku o motomeru, kyodaku o eru
    to ask for permission; to get permission
    利(り)用(よう)許(きょ)諾(だく)契(けい)約(やく)
    riyōkyodakukeiyaku
    end user license agreement

Verb

許(きょ)諾(だく)する • (kyodaku suru) suru (stem 許(きょ)諾(だく)し (kyodaku shi), past 許(きょ)諾(だく)した (kyodaku shita))

  1. to consent; to permit

Conjugation
Conjugation of "許諾する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 許諾し きょだくし kyodaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 許諾し きょだくし kyodaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 許諾する きょだくする kyodaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 許諾する きょだくする kyodaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 許諾すれ きょだくすれ kyodaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 許諾せよ¹
許諾しろ²		 きょだくせよ¹
きょだくしろ²		 kyodaku seyo¹
kyodaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 許諾される きょだくされる kyodaku sareru
Causative 許諾させる
許諾さす		 きょだくさせる
きょだくさす		 kyodaku saseru
kyodaku sasu
Potential 許諾できる きょだくできる kyodaku dekiru
Volitional 許諾しよう きょだくしよう kyodaku shiyō
Negative 許諾しない きょだくしない kyodaku shinai
Negative continuative 許諾せず きょだくせず kyodaku sezu
Formal 許諾します きょだくします kyodaku shimasu
Perfective 許諾した きょだくした kyodaku shita
Conjunctive 許諾して きょだくして kyodaku shite
Hypothetical conditional 許諾すれば きょだくすれば kyodaku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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