規矩

See also: 规矩

Chinese

		compass; rule	carpenter's square; rule
trad. (規矩)		規	矩
simp. (规矩)		规	矩

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guījǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟㄐㄩˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуйҗү (guyžü, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai¹ geoi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kûi-kí
Jin (Wiktionary): gui¹ jy³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kui-kír / kui-kú / kui-kí

(Teochew, Peng'im): gui¹ ge²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guījǔ → guīju (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟㄐㄩˇ → ㄍㄨㄟ ˙ㄐㄩ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gueijyů
  - Wade–Giles: kuei¹-chü⁵
  - Yale: gwēi-jyu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei.jeu
  - Palladius: гуйцзюй (gujczjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ → /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥y²/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуйҗү (guyžü, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei²⁴ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwai¹ geoi²
  - Yale: kwāi géui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai¹ goey²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei¹ gêu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵ kɵy̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gui´ gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gui¹ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴ ki³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gui¹ jy³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei¹¹ t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-kír
  - Tâi-lô: kui-kír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kui³³ kɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-kú
  - Tâi-lô: kui-kú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kui'kuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² ku⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ ku⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kui-kí
  - Tâi-lô: kui-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kui'kie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁴⁴⁻²² ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /kui³³ ki⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴⁴⁻³³ ki⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gui¹ ge²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kui kṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³⁻²³ kɯ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: kjwie kjuX

Rime
Character	規	矩
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (12)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居隋切	俱雨切
Baxter	kjwie	kjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuᴇ/	/kɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiɛ/	/kio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɛ/	/kio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiə̆/	/kuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kiue/	/kio^X/
Wang Li	/kǐwe/	/kĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwie̯/	/ki̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guī	jǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai¹	geoi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷe [k]ʷ(r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷel kʷaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	規	矩
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guī	jǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwie ›	‹ kju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷe/	/*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/
English	compass, circle	carpenter"s square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	規	矩
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4604	7059
Phonetic component	規	巨
Rime group	歌	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	𩓸	矩
Old Chinese	/*kʷel/	/*kʷaʔ/
Notes	小徐見聲，與圜同源；古亦同窺，夫或癸省文

Noun

規矩

(literal, Classical) compass and set square
(figurative) rule; custom; established practice
(figurative) social etiquette; manners; formality
你家裡人有沒有教過你什麼是規矩啊。 [MSC, trad.]
你家里人有没有教过你什么是规矩啊。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ jiālǐrén yǒu méi yǒu jiāo guò nǐ shénme shì guījǔ a. [Pinyin]
Didn't your family teach you any manners?

Synonyms

(rule):

例 (lì) (literary, or in compounds)
則度／则度 (zédù) (literary)
守則／守则 (shǒuzé)
方案 (fāng'àn)
條例／条例 (tiáolì)
條規／条规 (tiáoguī)
法度 (fǎdù)
程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
紀綱／纪纲 (jìgāng) (literary)
綱目／纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
繩墨／绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
規／规 (literary, or in compounds)
規則／规则 (guīzé)
規定／规定 (guīdìng)
規條／规条 (guītiáo)
規準／规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)

(social etiquette):

下數／下数 (Hakka)
儀禮／仪礼 (yílǐ)
形跡／形迹 (xíngjì)
禮制／礼制 (lǐzhì)
禮數／礼数 (lǐshù)
禮法／礼法 (lǐfǎ)
禮節／礼节 (lǐjié)
禮貌／礼貌 (lǐmào)
禮路／礼路 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
體統／体统 (tǐtǒng)
體面／体面 (tǐmiàn)

Adjective

規矩

conforming to standards
well-behaved

Synonyms

(well-behaved): 禮貌／礼貌 (lǐmào), 體面／体面 (tǐmiàn)

Adverb

規矩

according to practice, precedent or convention

Verb

規矩

(literary) to imitate; to simulate; to mock
to discipline; to train; to cultivate

Synonyms

(to imitate):

仿效 (fǎngxiào)
仿照 (fǎngzhào)
擬／拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
臨摹／临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (規矩):

→ Japanese: 規矩(きく) (kiku)
→ Korean: 규구(規矩) (gyugu)
→ Vietnamese: quy củ (規矩)

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