荒蕪

See also: 荒芜

Chinese

		out of practice; uncultivated	overgrown with weeds
trad. (荒蕪)		荒	蕪
simp. (荒芜)		荒	芜

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huāngwú

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹ mou⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong-bû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huāngwú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huangwú
  - Wade–Giles: huang¹-wu²
  - Yale: hwāng-wú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huangwu
  - Palladius: хуанъу (xuanʺu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong¹ mou⁴
  - Yale: fōng mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹ mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong¹ mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵ mou̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-bû
  - Tâi-lô: hong-bû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongbuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ bu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²³/

Middle Chinese: xwang mju

Rime
Character	荒	蕪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	呼光切	武夫切
Baxter	xwang	mju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwɑŋ/	/mɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑŋ/	/mio/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑŋ/	/mio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaŋ/	/muə̆/
Li Rong	/xuɑŋ/	/mio/
Wang Li	/xuɑŋ/	/mĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/xwɑŋ/	/mi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huāng	wú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong¹	mou⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋ m(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmaːŋ ma/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荒	蕪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huāng	wú
Middle Chinese	‹ xwang ›	‹ mju ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁaŋ/	/*m(r)a/
English	wasteland; uncultivated land	overgrown with weeds
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荒	蕪
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	12649	13120
Phonetic component	亡	無
Rime group	陽	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	荒	無
Old Chinese	/*hmaːŋ/	/*ma/

Adjective

荒蕪

lying in waste; overgrown
- 田疇荒蕪，資用乏匱。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  田畴荒芜，资用乏匮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Tiánchóu huāngwú, zīyòng fákuì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 放荒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (荒蕪):

→ Vietnamese: hoang vu (荒蕪)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
荒	蕪

Adjective

荒蕪

chữ Hán form of hoang vu (“wild; unaffected by human's activities”).

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