| out of practice; uncultivated | excessive; wanton; lewd excessive; wanton; lewd; kinky; obscene | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (荒淫) | 荒 | 淫 | |
| simp. #(荒淫) | 荒 | 淫 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 荒 | 淫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 呼光切 | 餘針切 |
| Baxter | xwang | yim |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/hwɑŋ/ | /jiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/hʷɑŋ/ | /jim/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xuɑŋ/ | /jem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hwaŋ/ | /jim/ |
| Li Rong |
/xuɑŋ/ | /iəm/ |
| Wang Li |
/xuɑŋ/ | /jĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xwɑŋ/ | /i̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huāng | yín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
fong1 | jam4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 荒 | 淫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huāng | yín |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xwang › | ‹ yim › |
| Old Chinese |
/*m̥ˁaŋ/ | /*N.r[ə]m/ |
| English | wasteland; uncultivated land | excess; licentious |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 荒 | 淫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12649 | 15291 |
| Phonetic component |
亡 | 淫 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
荒 | 淫 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hmaːŋ/ | /*lɯm/ |