茫茫

Chinese

		vague; vast	vague; vast
trad. (茫茫)		茫	茫
simp. ^#(茫茫)		茫	茫

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mángmáng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ ㄇㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴ mong⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòng-mòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bâng-bâng / bông-bông

(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁵ mang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mángmáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ ㄇㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mángmáng
  - Wade–Giles: mang²-mang²
  - Yale: máng-máng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mangmang
  - Palladius: манман (manman)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ³⁵ mɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
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    茫茫
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mong⁴ mong⁴
  - Yale: mòhng mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴ mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴ mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòng-mòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: mongˇ mongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mong² mong²
  - Sinological IPA: /moŋ¹¹ moŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng-bâng / bông-bông
  - Tâi-lô: bâng-bâng / bông-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bangbaang, bongboong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /baŋ²⁴⁻²² baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /baŋ²⁴⁻²² baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³⁻²² baŋ¹³/, /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /baŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ baŋ²⁴/, /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³⁻³³ baŋ²³/, /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mang⁵ mang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng mâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ maŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: mang mang

Rime
Character	茫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫郎切
Baxter	mang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maŋ/
Li Rong	/mɑŋ/
Wang Li	/mɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	máng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːŋ maːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茫
Reading #	1/1
No.	12641
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	茫
Old Chinese	/*maːŋ/
Notes	見漢書

Adjective

茫茫

boundless and indistinct; vast

Derived terms

渺渺茫茫
灰茫茫
白茫茫 (báimángmáng)
茫茫一片
茫茫渺渺
茫茫然
茫茫苦海
茫茫蕩蕩／茫茫荡荡
霧茫茫／雾茫茫
黑茫茫

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