苦功

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	merit; achievement; result merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment
trad. (苦功)		苦	功
simp. ^#(苦功)		苦	功

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔgōng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² gung¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-kang

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǔgōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǔgong
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu³-kung¹
  - Yale: kǔ-gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuugong
  - Palladius: кугун (kugun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² gung¹
  - Yale: fú gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-kang
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qofkafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

Noun

苦功

hard work; painstaking effort

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