| luxuriant growth; passing (of time) | Perilla frutescens; soft | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (苒荏) | 苒 | 荏 | |
| simp. #(苒荏) | 苒 | 荏 | |
| anagram | 荏苒 | ||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 苒 | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 鹽 (153) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 而琰切 | 如甚切 |
| Baxter | nyemX | nyimX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiᴇmX/ | /ȵiɪmX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵiɛmX/ | /ȵimX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjæmX/ | /ȵʑjemX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵiamX/ | /ȵimX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiɛmX/ | /ȵiəmX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭɛmX/ | /ȵʑĭĕmX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ɛmX/ | /ȵʑi̯əmX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rǎn | rěn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jim5 | jam5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rěn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyimX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*n[ə]mʔ/ (< *num?) |
| English | a kind of big beans |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 苒 | 荏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10785 | 10814 |
| Phonetic component |
冉 | 壬 |
| Rime group |
談 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
冉 | 荏 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njamʔ/ | /*njɯmʔ/ |