興亡

See also: 兴亡

Chinese

		interest; flourish; it is the fashion to interest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular	to die; to perish
trad. (興亡)		興	亡
simp. (兴亡)		兴	亡

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīngwáng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hing¹ mong⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): heng-bông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīngwáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: singwáng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing¹-wang²
  - Yale: syīng-wáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shingwang
  - Palladius: синван (sinvan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hing¹ mong⁴
  - Yale: hīng mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hing¹ mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hing¹ mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɪŋ⁵⁵ mɔːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng-bông
  - Tâi-lô: hing-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hengboong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ³³ bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/

Middle Chinese: xing mjang

Rime
Character	興	亡
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	虚陵切	武方切
Baxter	xing	mjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨŋ/	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨŋ/	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xieŋ/	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hiŋ/	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/xiəŋ/	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/xĭəŋ/	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯əŋ/	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng	wáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hing¹	mong⁴

Verb

興亡

(of a state, empire, etc.) to rise and fall
- 夫觀乎人文以化成天下，觀乎國風以察興亡。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  夫观乎人文以化成天下，观乎国风以察兴亡。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Liu Zhiji, Shitong, circa 708 – 710 CE
  Fū guān hū rénwén yǐ huàchéng tiānxià, guān hū guófēng yǐ chá xìngwáng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 同學們，大家起來 / 擔負起天下的興亡 [MSC, trad.]
  同学们，大家起来 / 担负起天下的兴亡 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1934, Tian Han (lyrics), Nie Er (music), 《畢業歌》
  tóngxuémen, dàjiā qǐlái / dānfù qǐ tiānxià de xìngwáng [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Classical) to become feeble and die; to decline and fall; to wither away

Synonyms

(to become feeble and die): 衰亡 (shuāiwáng)

Derived terms

天下興亡，匹夫有責／天下兴亡，匹夫有责 (tiānxià xīngwáng, pǐfū yǒuzé)

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