自ら

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
自
みずか
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
躬ら (rare)
親ら (rare)

⟨mi2 tu kara⟩ → */mʷɨdukara/ → /mid͡zukara/ → /mizukara/

Originally a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) +‎ つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) +‎ 柄 (kara, “quality, characteristic → by itself”).[1][2]

The okurigana ら (ra) is used to indicate the reading.

Pronunciation

Adverb

自(みずか)ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?

  1. personally, by or for oneself
    Synonyms: 自分自身で (jibun-jishin de), 身自ら (mimizukara)
Derived terms
  • 手(て)自(みずか)ら (temizukara)
  • 身(み)自(みずか)ら, 躬(み)自(みずか)ら (mimizukara)
Idioms
  • 自(みずか)ら持(じ)する (mizukara ji suru)
  • 自(みずか)らを持(じ)する (mizukara o ji suru)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 自(みずか)ら直(なお)きの箭(や)を恃(たの)まば百世(ひゃくせい)矢(や)無(な)からん (mizukara naoki no ya o tanomaba hyakusei ya nakaran)
  • 自(みずか)ら卑(ひく)うすれば尚(たっと)し (mizukara hikuu sureba tattoshi)
  • 自(みずか)ら墓穴(ぼけつ)を掘(ほ)る (mizukara boketsu o horu)
  • 薫(くん)は香(こう)を以(もっ)て自(みずか)ら焼(や)く (kun wa kō o motte mizukara yaku)
  • 剛戻(ごうれい)自(みずか)ら用(もち)う (gōrei mizukara mochiu)
  • 天(てん)の作(な)せる孽(わざわい)は猶違(なおさ)くべし、自(みずか)ら作(な)せる孽(わざわい)は逭(のが)るべからず (ten no naseru wazawai wa naosakubeshi, mizukara naseru wazawai wa nogarubekarazu)
  • 天(てん)は自(みずか)ら助(たす)くる者(もの)を助(たす)く (ten wa mizukara tasukuru mono o tasuku)
  • 虎(とら)を養(やしな)いて自(みずか)ら患(うれ)いを遺(のこ)す (tora o yashinaite mizukara urei o nokosu)
  • 汝(なんじ)自(みずか)らを知(し)れ (nanji mizukara o shire)
  • 人(ひと)必(かなら)ず自(みずか)ら侮(あなど)りて然(しか)る後(のち)に人(ひと)これを侮(あなど)る (hito kanarazu mizukara anadorite shikaru nochi ni hito kore o anadoru)
  • 人(ひと)に勝(か)たんと欲(ほっ)する者(もの)は必(かなら)ず先(ま)ず自(みずか)ら勝(か)つ (hito ni katan to hossuru mono wa kanarazu mazu mizukara katsu)

Noun

自(みずか)ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?

  1. oneself
    Synonyms: 自分 (jibun), 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)

Pronoun

自(みずか)ら • (mizukara) ←みづから (midukara)?

  1. (obsolete) first-person pronoun: I, me
    Synonym: 私 (watakushi)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
自
おのずか
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 自ら – see the following entry.
【自おのずから】
[adverb] by itself, naturally, on its own (by accident or chance)
(This term, 自ら, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  4. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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