statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official |
child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (臣子) |
臣 | 子 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 臣 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 植鄰切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | dzyin | tsiX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiɪn/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑin/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjen/ | /t͡sieX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑin/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʑiĕn/ | /t͡siəX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʑĭĕn/ | /t͡sĭəX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ĕn/ | /t͡siX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chén | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
san4 | zi2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 臣 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chén | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyin › | ‹ tsiX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | slave, subject | child; gentleman, master |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 臣 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1342 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component |
臣 | 子 |
| Rime group |
眞 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
辰 | 子 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡiŋ/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者 |
|