肅慎

See also: 肃慎 and 肅愼

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (肅慎/肅愼)		肅	慎/愼
simp. (肃慎)		肃	慎

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Sùshèn

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹ san⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Sùshèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Sùshèn
  - Wade–Giles: Su⁴-shên⁴
  - Yale: Sù-shèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Suhshenn
  - Palladius: Сушэнь (Sušɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: suk¹ san⁶
  - Yale: sūk sahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷ san⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sug¹ sen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵ sɐn²²/

Middle Chinese: sjuwk dzyinH

Rime
Character	肅	慎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息逐切	時刃切
Baxter	sjuwk	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/	/d͡ʑiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/	/d͡ʑjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/	/ʑiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/	/ʑĭĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/	/ʑi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk¹	san⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*siwk [d]i[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sɯwɢ djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肅	肅	肅	肅	肅	慎
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù	sù	sù	sù	sù	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ dzyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*siwk/	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	solemn, severe	contract (v.); shrivel	present (v.)	beat (v.)	eager; swift	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肅	慎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12125	17082
Phonetic component	肅	眞
Rime group	覺	眞
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	肅	愼
Old Chinese	/*sɯwɢ/	/*djins/

Proper noun

肅慎

(historical) Sushen (ancient people in Northeastern Asia)
- 仲尼曰：「隼之來也，遠矣！此肅慎氏之矢也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  仲尼曰：「隼之来也，远矣！此肃慎氏之矢也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Zhòngní yuē: “Sǔn zhī lái yě, yuǎn yǐ! Cǐ Sùshènshì zhī shǐ yě.” [Pinyin]
  "This falcon came a long way!" said Zhongni, "The arrow (lodged in the falcon) belonged to the Sushen."

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