耕耘

Chinese

to plough; to till to weed
trad. (耕耘) 耕 耘
simp. #(耕耘) 耕 耘

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 耕 耘
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 耕 (117) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 古莖切 王分切
Baxter keang hjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠɛŋ/ /ɦɨun/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚæŋ/ /ɦiun/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɐŋ/ /ɣiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəɨjŋ/ /ɦun/
Li
Rong
/kɛŋ/ /ɣiuən/
Wang
Li
/kæŋ/ /ɣĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kæŋ/ /i̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gēng yún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gang1 wan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 耕
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gēng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kɛng ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁ<r>eŋ/
English plow (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 耕 耘
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6850 16360
Phonetic
component
井 云
Rime
group
耕 文
Rime
subdivision
0 2
Corresponding
MC rime
耕 雲
Old
Chinese
/*kreːŋ/ /*ɢun/
Notes 説文從員

Verb

耕耘

  1. (literally) to plow and weed; to do farm work; to cultivate
  2. (figuratively) to work or study diligently

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
耕 耘
こう
Grade: 5
うん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 耕耘 (MC keang hjun).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) こーうん [kòóúń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ːɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

耕(こう)耘(うん) • (kōun) ←かううん (kauun)?

  1. plowing and weeding

Verb

耕(こう)耘(うん)する • (kōun suru) ←かううん (kauun)?suru (stem 耕(こう)耘(うん)し (kōun shi), past 耕(こう)耘(うん)した (kōun shita))

  1. to plow and weed

Conjugation

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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