糞土

Chinese

		manure; dung	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
trad. (糞土)		糞	土
simp. (粪土)		粪	土

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fèntǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³ tou²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fun-thú
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pùn-thô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèntǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fèntǔ
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴-tʻu³
  - Yale: fèn-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntuu
  - Palladius: фэньту (fɛnʹtu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan³ tou²
  - Yale: fan tóu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan³ tou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen³ tou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³ tʰou̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun-thú
  - Hakka Romanization System: fun tu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴ tu³
  - Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵ tʰu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pùn-thô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pùn-thôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: puontoo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pun²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun²¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pun¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pun²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: pjunH thuX

Rime
Character	糞	土
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	方問切	他魯切
Baxter	pjunH	thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨun^H/	/tʰuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/piun^H/	/tʰuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/piuən^H/	/tʰo^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pun^H/	/tʰɔ^X/
Li Rong	/piuən^H/	/tʰo^X/
Wang Li	/pĭuən^H/	/tʰu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uən^H/	/tʰuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèn	tǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan³	tou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*p[u]r-s tʰˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯns l̥ʰaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糞	土
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèn	tǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjun^H ›	‹ thu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*p[u]r-s/	/*tʰˁaʔ/
English	manure, dirt	earth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糞	土
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	3197	12499
Phonetic component	糞	土
Rime group	文	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	糞	土
Old Chinese	/*pɯns/	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Noun

糞土

dirt; dung; dirty soil
(figurative) worthless thing; nothing
視錢財如糞土／视钱财如粪土 ― shì qiáncái rú fèntǔ ― to care little about money

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