糊口

Chinese

		paste; cream; muddled paste; cream; muddled; scorched	mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils)
trad. (糊口/餬口)		糊/餬	口
simp. (糊口)		糊	口

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): húkǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ hau²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: húkǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄎㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húkǒu
  - Wade–Giles: hu²-kʻou³
  - Yale: hú-kǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwukoou
  - Palladius: хукоу (xukou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ hau²
  - Yale: wùh háu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ hau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ heo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: hu khuwX

Rime
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	戸吳切	苦后切
Baxter	hu	khuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/	/kʰəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/	/kʰəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/	/kʰəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/	/kʰəw^X/
Li Rong	/ɣo/	/kʰu^X/
Wang Li	/ɣu/	/kʰəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuo/	/kʰə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú	kǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴	hau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤa kʰˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː kʰoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú	kǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›	‹ khuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/Cə.[ɡ]ˁa/ (~ C.[ɡ]ˁa; no pre-Qín exx.)	/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/
English	to paste (v.)	mouth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糊	口
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4251	7490
Phonetic component	古	口
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡	口
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/	/*kʰoːʔ/
Notes	俗同說文𪏻字，已見謝承後漢書

Verb

糊口

to scrape a meager living; to get by with difficulty; to eke out a livelihood
- 挫鍼治繲，足以糊口；鼓筴播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  挫针治𰬽，足以糊口；鼓策播精，足以食十人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Cuò qián zhì jiè, zúyǐ húkǒu; gǔ jiā bō jīng, zúyǐ sì shí rén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

尋食／寻食 (Hakka)
就食 (jiùshí) (literary)
度三頓／度三顿 (Xiamen Hokkien, with difficulty, Zhangzhou Hokkien, with difficulty)
度喙飽／度喙饱 (Hokkien, with difficulty)
度食 (Hokkien)
搵食／揾食 (wan² sik⁶) (Cantonese)
混飯吃／混饭吃 (hùnfànchī) (colloquial)
營生／营生 (yíngshēng)
糊嘴 (húzuǐ) (dated)
討生活／讨生活 (tǎoshēnghuó)
討食／讨食
謀生／谋生 (móushēng)
賺食／赚食 (Hakka, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
趁食 (Min)
過活／过活 (guòhuó)

Derived terms

養家糊口／养家糊口 (yǎngjiāhúkǒu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (糊口):

→ Japanese: 糊(こ)口(こう) (kokō)
→ Korean: 호구(糊口) (hogu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
糊	口
こ Jinmeiyō	こう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Alternative forms

餬口

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ここー [kòkóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ko̞ː]

Noun

糊(こ)口(こう) • (kokō)

scraping a meager living

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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