| disaster | in confusion; disorderly | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (禍亂) | 禍 | 亂 | |
| simp. (祸乱) | 祸 | 乱 | |
| [Show/Hide] |
|---|
edit 禍亂／祸乱霍亂／霍乱 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禍 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡果切 | 郎段切 |
| Baxter | hwaX | lwanH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuɑX/ | /lʷɑnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwaX/ | /lwanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuɑX/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huò | luàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wo6 | lyun6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禍 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huò | luàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwaX › | ‹ lwanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/ | /*[r]ˁo[n]-s/ |
| English | calamity | disorder, rebellion |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 禍 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4375 | 8645 |
| Phonetic component |
冎 | 亂 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
禍 | 亂 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡloːlʔ/ | /*roːns/ |