破魔

Japanese
Kanji in this term
破 魔
は
Grade: 5		 ま
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.[1][2]

Appears to be from Middle Chinese compound 破魔 (MC phaH ma, literally “break + demon”).

Alternately, could be a Japanese coinage using Middle Chinese elements, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived 破 (ha, “break, destroy”) +‎ 魔 (ma, “demon, devil”).

Noun

破(は)魔(ま) • (hama) 

  1. (Buddhism) defeating a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions
Derived terms
  • 破魔士 (はまし, ​hamashi): an exorcist (Buddhism)
  • 破魔術 (はまふつま, ​hamajutsu): exorcism (Buddhism; the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so)
  • (exorcise; specific to Christianity): 祓魔 (ふつま, ​futsuma)
  • (driving away evil spirits in general): 悪魔払い, 悪魔祓い (あくまばらい, ​akumabarai); 魔除け (まよけ, ​mayoke)

Verb

破(は)魔(ま)する • (hama suru) suru (stem 破(は)魔(ま)し (hama shi), past 破(は)魔(ま)した (hama shita))

  1. (Buddhism) to defeat a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions
Conjugation
Conjugation of "破魔する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 破魔し はまし hama shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 破魔し はまし hama shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 破魔する はまする hama suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 破魔する はまする hama suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 破魔すれ はますれ hama sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 破魔せよ¹
破魔しろ²		 はませよ¹
はましろ²		 hama seyo¹
hama shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 破魔される はまされる hama sareru
Causative 破魔させる
破魔さす		 はまさせる
はまさす		 hama saseru
hama sasu
Potential 破魔できる はまできる hama dekiru
Volitional 破魔しよう はましよう hama shiyō
Negative 破魔しない はましない hama shinai
Negative continuative 破魔せず はませず hama sezu
Formal 破魔します はまします hama shimasu
Perfective 破魔した はました hama shita
Conjunctive 破魔して はまして hama shite
Hypothetical conditional 破魔すれば はますれば hama sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Unknown. The kanji are ateji (当て字).[2][3]

Possibly cognate with 嵌める, 填める (hameru, “to fit or set one thing into another”), by way of the Old Japanese form 填む, 嵌む (​hamu).

Noun

破(は)魔(ま) • (hama) 

  1. a target for 破魔矢 (hamaya) archery, round and generally made of bound straw or tree branches
  2. short for 破魔弓 (hamayumi): a decorative bow, formerly used for special New Years archery competitions and now used as a ward against evil
Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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