| hundred | alert; departed soul; efficacious alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (百靈) | 百 | 靈 | |
| simp. (百灵) | 百 | 灵 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 百 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (113) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | IV |
| Fanqie | 博陌切 | 郎丁切 |
| Baxter | paek | leng |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pˠæk̚/ | /leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pᵚak̚/ | /leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pak̚/ | /lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/paɨjk̚/ | /lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/pɐk̚/ | /leŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/pɐk̚/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pɐk̚/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bo | líng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
bak1 | ling4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 百 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bǎi | líng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pæk › | ‹ leng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*pˁrak/ | /*[r]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | hundred | supernatural |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 百 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 194 | 8259 |
| Phonetic component |
白 | 霝 |
| Rime group |
鐸 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
伯 | 靈 |
| Old Chinese |
/*praːɡ/ | /*reːŋ/ |
百靈