| dog | child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (犬子) |
犬 | 子 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 犬 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (86) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 苦泫切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | khwenX | tsiX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰwenX/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰʷenX/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰuɛnX/ | /t͡sieX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰwɛnX/ | /t͡sɨX/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰuenX/ | /t͡siəX/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰiwenX/ | /t͡sĭəX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰiwenX/ | /t͡siX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
quǎn | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hyun2 | zi2 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 犬 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
quǎn | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khwenX › | ‹ tsiX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | dog | child; gentleman, master |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 犬 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10736 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component |
犬 | 子 |
| Rime group |
元 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
犬 | 子 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰʷeːnʔ/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |