| bullock | because of; for; to because of; for; to; act as; take...to be; to be; to do; to serve as; to become | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (犍為/犍爲) | 犍 | 為/爲 | |
| simp. (犍为) | 犍 | 为 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 犍 | 為 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) | 支 (14) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 渠焉切 | 薳支切 |
| Baxter | gjen | hjwe |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɡˠiᴇn/ | /ɦˠiuᴇ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɡᵚiɛn/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɡiæn/ | /ɣiuɛ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/gian/ | /ɦjwiə̆/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɡjɛn/ | /ɣjue/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɡĭɛn/ | /ɣǐwe/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/gi̯ɛn/ | /wie̯/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qián | wéi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
kin4 | wai4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wéi |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hjwe › |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢʷ(r)aj/ |
| English | make, do, act as |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 犍 | 為 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 6209 | |
| Phonetic component |
建 | 爲 |
| Rime group |
元 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
乾 | 爲 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡran/ | /*ɢʷal/ |
| Notes | 俗爲字 | |