犁靬

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (犁靬)		犁	靬
alternative forms		犁軒／犁轩犛靬／牦靬犛軒／牦轩犁鞬黎軒／黎轩

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Líjiān

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴ gin¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Líjiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Líjian
  - Wade–Giles: Li²-chien¹
  - Yale: Lí-jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lijian
  - Palladius: Лицзянь (Liczjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁴ gin¹
  - Yale: làih gīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴ gin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴ gin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹ kiːn⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: lej kean

Rime
Character	犁	靬
Reading #	1/1	3/4
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	郎奚切	古閑切
Baxter	lej	kean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/	/kˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/	/kᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/	/kæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/	/kəɨn/
Li Rong	/lei/	/kɛn/
Wang Li	/liei/	/kæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/	/kăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁴	gaan¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*riːl kreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犁	靬
Reading #	1/2	3/4
No.	7879	3631
Phonetic component	利	干
Rime group	脂	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	黎	閒
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*kreːn/

Proper noun

犁靬

name of an ancient state

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