牝馬

Chinese
female horse; surname
trad. (牝馬) 牝 馬
simp. (牝马) 牝 马

Pronunciation

Noun

牝馬

  1. (literary) mare; female horse

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 母馬 (“female horse; mare”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牝馬, 騇 rare
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 母馬, 騍馬, 雌馬
Mandarin Beijing 母馬, 騍馬
Taiwan 母馬
Tianjin 母馬
Chengde 騍馬
Tangshan 騍馬
Cangzhou 母馬
Baoding 母馬, 騍馬
Shijiazhuang 騍馬
Chifeng 母馬
Heihe 母馬, 騍馬
Qiqihar 騍馬
Harbin 母馬, 騍馬
Jiamusi 騍馬
Baicheng 騍馬
Changchun 騍馬
Tonghua 騍馬
Shenyang 騍馬
Dandong 母馬, 騍馬
Jinzhou 騍馬
Dalian 騍馬
Yantai 母馬
Qingdao 母馬, 騍馬
Lijin 騍馬
Zhucheng 騍馬
Jinan 母馬, 騍馬
Jining 騍馬
Luoyang 騍馬
Wanrong 騍馬, 馬母子 has just given birth to a foal
Shangqiu 騍馬
Yuanyang 母馬, 騇馬
Zhengzhou 母馬
Lingbao 水馬
Xinyang 騍馬
Baihe 母馬
Hanzhong 母馬
Xi'an 騍馬
Baoji 騍馬
Yinchuan 騍馬
Tianshui 騍馬
Lanzhou 騍馬
Dunhuang 騍馬
Xining 騍馬
Hami 騍馬
Ürümqi 騍馬
Wuhan 母馬
Chengdu 母馬
Nanchong 母馬
Dazhou 母馬
Hanyuan 母馬
Xichang 母馬
Chongqing 母馬
Guiyang 母馬, 騍馬
Zunyi 母馬
Bijie 母馬, 騍馬, 全馬
Liping 母馬
Zhaotong 騍馬
Dali 母馬, 騍馬
Kunming 母馬, 騍馬
Mengzi 草馬
Guilin 母馬
Liuzhou 母馬
Jishou 馬娘
Changde 母馬
Anqing 母馬
Xuzhou 母馬
Fuyang 騍馬
Wuhu 母馬
Yangzhou 母馬
Lianyungang 母馬
Lianshui 母馬
Nanjing 母馬, 騍馬
Hefei 母馬
Nantong 母馬
Cantonese Guangzhou 馬乸
Hong Kong 馬乸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 馬乸
Macau 馬乸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 馬乸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 馬乸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 馬乸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 馬乸
Foshan 馬乸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 馬乸
Foshan (Shunde) 馬乸
Foshan (Sanshui) 馬乸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 馬乸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 馬乸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 馬乸
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 馬乸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 馬乸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 馬乸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 馬乸
Taishan 馬乸
Kaiping (Chikan) 馬乸
Enping (Niujiang) 馬乸
Heshan (Yayao) 馬乸
Dongguan 馬乸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 馬乸
Yangjiang 馬乸
Gan Nanchang 母馬
Hakka Meixian 馬嫲
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 馬牸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 馬嫲
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 馬嫲
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 馬嫲
Conghua (Lütian) 馬嫲
Yudu 馬婆
Jin Taiyuan 騍馬, 母馬
Yangyuan 騍馬
Datong 騍馬
Xinzhou 母馬, 騍馬
Lishi 母馬, 騍馬
Linfen 騍馬
Changzhi 騍馬
Linhe 騍馬
Jining 騍馬
Hohhot 騍馬
Erenhot 母馬
Pingshan 騍馬
Zhangjiakou 騍馬
Handan 母馬, 草馬
Linzhou 母馬
Suide 騍馬
Northern Min Jian'ou 馬嫲
Eastern Min Fuzhou 馬母
Southern Min Xiamen 馬母
Quanzhou 馬母
Zhangzhou 馬母
Chaozhou 馬母
Jieyang 馬母
Leizhou 馬母
Haikou 馬母
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 馬母
Wu Shanghai 雌馬
Shanghai (Songjiang) 雌馬
Suzhou 雌馬
Danyang 母馬
Ningbo 騍馬
Wenzhou 草馬, 馬娘 has given birth
Xiang Changsha 馬婆子, 馬婆
Shuangfeng 馬婆子

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (牝馬):
  • → Japanese: 牝(ひん)馬(ば) (hinba)
  • → Korean: 빈마(牝馬) (binma)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
牝 馬
ひん
Hyōgaiji		 ば
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 牝馬 (MC bjijX maeX). The 漢音 (kan'on), so a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

牝(ひん)馬(ば) • (hinba) 

  1. mare (female horse)
Usage notes
  • Now the most common term for mare in Japanese.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
牝 馬
め
Hyōgaiji		 うま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
雌馬

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

牝(め)馬(うま) • (meuma) 

  1. mare (female horse)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
牝 馬
め
Hyōgaiji		 ま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[2]

Noun

牝(め)馬(ま) • (mema) 

  1. mare (female horse)

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. “牝馬”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
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