牛馬

See also: 牛马

Chinese

		ox; cow; bull	horse; surname
trad. (牛馬)		牛	馬
simp. (牛马)		牛	马

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): niúmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ню-ма (ni͡u-ma, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁴ maa⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gû-bé / gû-bée

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niúmǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nióumǎ
  - Wade–Giles: niu²-ma³
  - Yale: nyóu-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nioumaa
  - Palladius: нюма (njuma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ню-ма (ni͡u-ma, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niou²⁴ ma⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau⁴ maa⁵
  - Yale: ngàuh máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁴ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁴ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-bé
  - Tâi-lô: gû-bé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gu'bea
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû-bée
  - Tâi-lô: gû-bée
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³⁻²² bɛ⁵³/

Noun

牛馬

oxen and horses; beasts of burden

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牛	馬
ぎゅう Grade: 2	ば Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 牛馬／牛马 (ngjuw mæ^X, literally “ox + horse”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぎゅうば [gyúꜜùbà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ɡʲɨᵝːba̠]

Noun

牛(ぎゅう)馬(ば) • (gyūba) ^{←ぎうば (giuba)^?}

oxen and horses, beasts of burden

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牛	馬
うし Grade: 2	うま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 牛 (ushi, “ox”) +‎ 馬 (uma, “horse”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うしうま [ùshíúmá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɕiɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Noun

牛(うし)馬(うま) • (ushiuma)

a small breed of horse, extinct since 1947

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

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