焼く

Japanese

Kanji in this term
焼
や
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
燒く (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.[1][2][3] From Proto-Japonic *yaku.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "焼く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
焼く やく [yàkú]
Imperative (命令形) 焼け やけ [yàké]
Key constructions
Passive 焼かれる やかれる [yàkárérú]
Causative 焼かせる やかせる [yàkásérú]
Potential 焼ける やける [yàkérú]
Volitional 焼こう やこ​ー [yàkóꜜò]
Negative 焼かない やかない [yàkánáí]
Negative perfective 焼かなかった やかな​かった [yàkánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 焼きます やきま​す [yàkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 焼いた やいた [yàítá]
Conjunctive 焼いて やいて [yàíté]
Hypothetical conditional 焼けば やけ​ば [yàkéꜜbà]

Verb

焼(や)く • (yaku) transitive godan (stem 焼(や)き (yaki), past 焼(や)いた (yaita))

Japanese verb pair
active 焼く
mediopassive 焼ける
  1. to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:
    1. to burn
      1. [from 712] to set on fire, to light on fire
      2. [from 720] to burn to ashes
    2. to burn (to write data to a permanent storage medium)
    3. [from 720] to use heat or flame to prepare something for eating or using:
      1. (cooking) to grill
      2. (cooking) to broil
      3. (cooking) to fry
      4. (cooking) to toast
      5. (cooking) to roast
      6. (cooking) to bake
      7. (pottery) to fire
    4. [from 850] to apply moxibustion
    5. [from 1966] to expose to sunlight and cause to change color: to tan one's skin
    6. [from 1908] (photography) to print a photograph by shining a light through a negative
    7. [from 1884] to rub chemicals
    8. [from 1960] to have a sensation, to burn (the heart)
  2. (figuratively) to convey feelings from the heart:
    1. [from 759] to worry
    2. to care
    3. [from 1687] 妬く: to envy, to be jealous
    4. [from 1662] to make someone happy

Conjugation

Derived terms

Verb

焼(や)く • (yaku) intransitive †nidan

  1. (obsolete) to change on its own by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means: to burn, to tan, to be cooked

Usage notes

The intransitive use of yaku is now obsolete, and has been superseded by the modern form 焼ける (yakeru).

Conjugation

References

  1. “焼”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. 711–712, Kojiki, poem 74:
    , text here
  3. c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3652:
    , text here
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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