濟濟

Chinese

Etymology 1

		aid; ferry; frugal	aid; ferry; frugal
trad. (濟濟)		濟	濟
simp. (济济)		济	济

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐjǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ ㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai² zai²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ché-ché

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐjǐ [Phonetic: jíjǐ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐjǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³-chi³
  - Yale: jǐ-jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiijii
  - Palladius: цзицзи (cziczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zai² zai²
  - Yale: jái jái
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai² dzai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei² zei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ché-ché
  - Tâi-lô: tsé-tsé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefzea
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡se⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsejX tsejX

Rime
Character	濟
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	子禮切
Baxter	tsejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sei^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sei^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛj^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sei^X/
Wang Li	/t͡siei^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siei^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ[i]jʔ [ts]ˤ[i]jʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsliːlʔ ʔsliːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濟
Reading #	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsej^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁ[i]jʔ/
English	numerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濟
Reading #	1/2
No.	10043
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	濟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsliːlʔ/

Adjective

濟濟

(of people) many
beautiful

Derived terms

人才濟濟／人才济济 (réncáijǐjǐ)
濟濟一堂／济济一堂 (jǐjǐyītáng)
濟濟多士／济济多士
濟濟彬彬／济济彬彬
濟濟鏘鏘／济济锵锵
衣冠濟濟／衣冠济济
蹡蹡濟濟／𬧀𬧀济济

Etymology 2

		aid; ferry; frugal	aid; ferry; frugal
trad. (濟濟)		濟	濟
simp. (济济)		济	济
alternative forms		多多儕儕／侪侪

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chōe-chōe / chē-chē

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōe-chōe
  - Tâi-lô: tsuē-tsuē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoexzoe
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue³³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē-chē
  - Tâi-lô: tsē-tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zexze
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³⁻²¹ t͡se³³/

Adjective

濟濟

(Southern Min) many

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