excessive; wanton; lewd excessive; wanton; lewd; kinky; obscene |
in confusion; disorderly | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (淫亂) | 淫 | 亂 | |
| simp. (淫乱) | 淫 | 乱 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 淫 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 桓 (62) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 餘針切 | 郎段切 |
| Baxter | yim | lwanH |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiɪm/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jim/ | /lʷɑnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/jem/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jim/ | /lwanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/iəm/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭĕm/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯əm/ | /luɑnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yín | luàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jam4 | lyun6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 淫 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yín | luàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yim › | ‹ lwanH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*N.r[ə]m/ | /*[r]ˁo[n]-s/ |
| English | excess; licentious | disorder, rebellion |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 淫 | 亂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15291 | 8645 |
| Phonetic component |
淫 | 亂 |
| Rime group |
侵 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
淫 | 亂 |
| Old Chinese |
/*lɯm/ | /*roːns/ |