浮く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
浮
う
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *uku.

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "浮く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 浮く うく [ùkú]
Imperative (命令形) 浮け うけ [ùké]
Key constructions
Passive 浮かれる うかれる [ùkárérú]
Causative 浮かせる うかせる [ùkásérú]
Potential 浮ける うける [ùkérú]
Volitional 浮こう うこ​ー [ùkóꜜò]
Negative 浮かない うかない [ùkánáí]
Negative perfective 浮かなかった うかな​かった [ùkánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 浮かびます うかびま​す [ùkábímáꜜsù]
Perfective 浮いた ういた [ùítá]
Conjunctive 浮いて ういて [ùíté]
Hypothetical conditional 浮けば うけ​ば [ùkéꜜbà]

Verb

浮(う)く • (uku) intransitive godan (stem 浮(う)き (uki), past 浮(う)いた (uita))

  1. to float
    Synonym: 浮かぶ
    Antonym: 沈む
    からだが海面(かいめん)に浮(う)く
    karada ga kaimen ni uku
    The body is floating on the sea.
  2. to be loose; to unfasten
    柱(はしら)が浮(う)いている
    hashira ga uite iru
    This pillar is loose.
  3. (of a person) to be excited
    浮(う)かない顔(かお)
    ukanai kao
    unexcited expression
  4. to have left-over money
    ガソリン代(だい)を浮(う)かせる
    gasorin-dai o ukaseru
    to save money on gasoline
    (literally, “to float gasoline money”)
  5. to appear on the surface
    錆(さび)が浮(う)く
    sabi ga uku
    to rust

Conjugation
Conjugation of "浮く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 浮か うか uka
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 浮き うき uki
Shūshikei ("terminal") 浮く うく uku
Rentaikei ("attributive") 浮く うく uku
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 浮け うけ uke
Meireikei ("imperative") 浮け うけ uke
Key constructions
Passive 浮かれる うかれる ukareru
Causative 浮かせる
浮かす		 うかせる
うかす		 ukaseru
ukasu
Potential 浮ける うける ukeru
Volitional 浮こう うこう ukō
Negative 浮かない うかない ukanai
Negative continuative 浮かず うかず ukazu
Formal 浮きます うきます ukimasu
Perfective 浮いた ういた uita
Conjunctive 浮いて ういて uite
Hypothetical conditional 浮けば うけば ukeba
Classical conjugation of "浮く" (カ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 浮かうかuka
Continuative (連用形) 浮きうきuki
Terminal (終止形) 浮くうくuku
Attributive (連体形) 浮くうくuku
Realis (已然形) 浮けうけuke
Imperative (命令形) 浮けうけuke
Key constructions
Negative 浮かずうかずukazu
Contrasting conjunction 浮けどうけどukedo
Causal conjunction 浮けばうけばukeba
Conditional conjunction 浮かばうかばukaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 浮ききうききukiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 浮きけりうきけりukikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 浮きつうきつukitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 浮きぬうきぬukinu
Perfect-continuative tense 浮けり
浮きたり		うけり
うきたり		ukeri
ukitari
Volitional 浮かむうかむukamu

References
  1. “浮”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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