泳ぐ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
泳
およ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
游ぐ

Etymology

Likely from Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *oyonku. Included in The Tale of Genji from the late 900s or early 1000s. Listed in sources with a note that this may have been pronounced originally as oyoku,[1][2][3] however, cognates among the Ryūkyūan languages would seem to support a voiced /ɡ/ as the final consonant. Compare Kunigami 泳じゅん (uijun), Okinawan 泳じゅん (qwiijun).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "泳ぐ"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 泳ぐ およ​ぐ [òyóꜜgù]
Imperative (命令形) 泳げ およ​げ [òyóꜜgè]
Key constructions
Passive 泳がれる およがれ​る [òyógáréꜜrù]
Causative 泳がせる およがせ​る [òyógáséꜜrù]
Potential 泳げる およげ​る [òyógéꜜrù]
Volitional 泳ごう およご​ー [òyógóꜜò]
Negative 泳がない およが​ない [òyógáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 泳がなかった およが​なかった [òyógáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 泳ぎます およぎま​す [òyógímáꜜsù]
Perfective 泳いだ およ​いだ [òyóꜜìdà]
Conjunctive 泳いで およ​いで [òyóꜜìdè]
Hypothetical conditional 泳げば およ​げば [òyóꜜgèbà]

Verb

泳(およ)ぐ • (oyogu) intransitive godan (stem 泳(およ)ぎ (oyogi), past 泳(およ)いだ (oyoida))

  1. to swim
    昨日(きのう)、私(わたし)はジムで５(ご)キロ泳(およ)ぎました。
    Kinō, watashi wa jimu de go kiro oyogimashita.
    Yesterday I swam 5 kilometers at the gym.
    ここで泳(およ)げる。
    Koko de oyogeru.
    We can swim here.
    泳(およ)ぐことができない。
    Oyogu koto ga dekinai.
    I cannot swim.
  2. to act freely while being monitored (in the possibility that one will do something incriminating); used in the causative 泳がす、泳がせる (oyogasu, oyogaseru, “to let someone act freely and monitor them”)
    容疑者(ようぎしゃ)を泳(およ)がせる
    yōgisha o oyogaseru
    to let a suspect swim → to monitor a suspect

Conjugation
Conjugation of "泳ぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 泳が およが oyoga
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 泳ぎ およぎ oyogi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 泳げ およげ oyoge
Meireikei ("imperative") 泳げ およげ oyoge
Key constructions
Passive 泳がれる およがれる oyogareru
Causative 泳がせる
泳がす		 およがせる
およがす		 oyogaseru
oyogasu
Potential 泳げる およげる oyogeru
Volitional 泳ごう およごう oyogō
Negative 泳がない およがない oyoganai
Negative continuative 泳がず およがず oyogazu
Formal 泳ぎます およぎます oyogimasu
Perfective 泳いだ およいだ oyoida
Conjunctive 泳いで およいで oyoide
Hypothetical conditional 泳げば およげば oyogeba

Derived terms
Derived terms

Idioms
Idioms
  • 時流(じりゅう)に乗(の)って泳(およ)ぐ (jiryū ni notte oyogu): “to swim, riding on the current of the times” → to go with the flow
  • 人波(ひとなみ)を泳(およ)ぐ (hitonami o oyogu): “to swim the surging crowd” → to wade through a crowd

Synonyms

See also

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.