沙彌

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (沙彌)		沙	彌
simp. (沙弥)		沙	弥

Etymology

From Tocharian (Ji, 1998v12), in turn from a Prakrit; cf. Tocharian A ṣāmner, Tocharian B ṣanmire or its variant form ṣarmire (Adams, 2013). Cognate to Niya Prakrit 𐨮𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamanera)/𐨮𐨨𐨎𐨣𐨅𐨪 (ṣamaṃnera) or the partially Sanskritized form 𐨭𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨣𐨅𐨪 (śramanera), Pali sāmaṇera, and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit श्रामणेर (śrāmaṇera), which is itself possibly a back-formation from Prakrit. One Tibetan equivalent is གྲྭ་ཆུང (grwa chung).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāmí

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄚㄇㄧˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saa¹ mei⁴, saa¹ nei⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sa⁴ mi³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sa-bi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāmí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄚㄇㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shamí
  - Wade–Giles: sha¹-mi²
  - Yale: shā-mí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shami
  - Palladius: шами (šami)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵⁵ mi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saa¹ mei⁴, saa¹ nei⁴
  - Yale: sā mèih, sā nèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹ mei⁴, saa¹ nei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sa¹ méi⁴, sa¹ néi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saː⁵⁵ mei̯²¹/, /saː⁵⁵ nei̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sa⁴ mi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa²¹ ᵐbi²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa-bi
  - Tâi-lô: sa-bi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sa'by
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sa³³ bi³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sa⁴⁴⁻²² bi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sa⁴⁴⁻³³ bi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: srae mjie

Rime
Character	沙	彌
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	所加切	武移切
Baxter	srae	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠa/	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚa/	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃa/	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨ/	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/ʃa/	/mie/
Wang Li	/ʃa/	/mǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂa/	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shā	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saa¹	mei⁴

Noun

沙彌

(Buddhism) novice Buddhist monk

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (沙彌):

→ Korean: 사미(沙彌) (sami)

Other

→ Malay: sami
→ Vietnamese: sa di

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