民族

Chinese
the people; nationality; citizen
 
race; nationality; ethnicity
race; nationality; ethnicity; clan
trad. (民族) 民 族
simp. #(民族) 民 族

Etymology

First attested in the 6th century CE:

今諸華士女，民族弗革，而露首偏踞，濫用夷禮，云於翦落之徒，全是胡人，國有舊風，法不可變。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
今诸华士女，民族弗革，而露首偏踞，滥用夷礼，云于翦落之徒，全是胡人，国有旧风，法不可变。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Southern Qi, by Xiao Zixian, 6th century CE
Jīn zhūhuá shìnǚ, mínzú fú gé, ér lù shǒu piān jù, lànyòng yí lǐ, yún yú jiǎnluò zhī tú, quán shì húrén, guó yǒu jiù fēng, fǎ bùkě biàn. [Pinyin]
Nowadays, the men and women of the various Hua have not had their ethnicities changed, yet they have bared their heads and recline when sitting, overusing the barbaric rites. It is said that among those who have shaved [their heads to become monks and nuns], all are foreigners. The nation has its old customs; its norms may not be changed.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 民 族
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 彌鄰切 昨木切
Baxter mjin dzuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /miɪn/ /d͡zuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /min/ /d͡zuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mjen/ /d͡zuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /min/ /d͡zəwk̚/
Li
Rong		 /miĕn/ /d͡zuk̚/
Wang
Li		 /mĭĕn/ /d͡zuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ĕn/ /d͡zʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mín zú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 man4 zuk6

Noun

民族

  1. people; nation; nationality; ethnic group; minority; ethnos (Classifier: 個／个)
    民族宗教  ―  mínzú zōngjiào  ―  ethnoreligious
    民族政治  ―  mínzú zhèngzhì  ―  ethnopolitical
    民族大融合  ―  mínzú dà rónghé  ―  major ethnic assimilation
    民族區域自治區／民族区域自治区  ―  mínzú qūyù zìzhìqū  ―  ethnic autonomous regions
  2. Short for 少數民族／少数民族 (shǎoshù mínzú, “ethnic minority”).

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (民族):

Others:

Proper noun

民族

  1. (～街道) Minzu (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

Further reading

Japanese
Kanji in this term
民 族
みん
Grade: 4		 ぞく
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) み​んぞく [míꜜǹzòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [mʲĩnd͡zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

民(みん)族(ぞく) • (minzoku) 

  1. people, race, ethnic group - people that have a common culture, common customs, etc.

References
  1. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
民族

Noun

民族 • (minjok) (hangeul 민족)

  1. Hanja form? of 민족 (“an ethnicity”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
民族

Noun

民族

  1. chữ Hán form of dân tộc (“ethnic group, nationality, race”).
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